Common Illnesses in Cats: Symptoms and When to Visit the Vet

Editor: Suman Pathak on Jul 04,2025

 

Cats are seen and act like they can take care of themselves, yet they are just as vulnerable to getting sick as any other pet. Certain diseases occur more frequently than others, and early detection determines how well they are cured. All this guidance addresses common illnesses in cats, what to watch for, and when to take the cat to the vet.

Why It's Important to Recognize Common Illnesses in Cats?

Cats possess an inbuilt characteristic of hiding pain or discomfort inherited from their wild ancestors. Due to this, most normal conditions in cats are not picked up until they are well advanced. The owner must observe subtle variations in their physical or behavioral traits that could signify something serious.

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infection in adult cats is frequent, particularly in males, and may lead to more severe issues such as blockage or kidney damage.

Be Alert to These Cat Urinary Tract Infection Signs:

  • Difficulty urinating or crying in the litter box
  • Frequent visits to the litter box but little or no urine
  • Blood in the urine
  • Urination outside the litter box
  • Overlap of the genitalia

If you notice cat urinary tract infection symptoms, don't wait. A UTI can quickly become complicated, with painful obstructions or infection in the kidneys. Prompt veterinary care is important.

What You Can Do:

  • Promote fluid intake by giving fresh water frequently
  • Transition to wet food if your cat only eats dry food
  • Maintain litter box cleanliness and stress reduction

2. Upper Respiratory Infections

Among the most prevalent diseases in cats, upper respiratory infections are extremely contagious, particularly in multi-cat homes or in shelters.

Familiar Feline Upper Respiratory Symptoms:

  • Sneezing and coughing
  • Nasal discharge (clear, yellow, or green)
  • Watery or reddened eyes
  • Loss of appetite
  • Fever or lethargy

These feline upper respiratory signs can look like human common cold but are perilous when untreated. Kittens and older cats are particularly at risk. Infections are most often viral (e.g., feline herpesvirus), but secondary bacterial infections occur.

What You Can Do:

  • Keep infected cats away from others
  • Apply a humidifier to relieve congestion
  • Blot nasal and ocular discharge daily
  • Consult a veterinarian if the signs last more than a few days

3. Hairball Complications

Hairballs are normally harmless, but if there is recurrent vomiting, it may be an indication of an aggravated cat hairball issue or even obstruction of the intestines.

Hairball Signs to Look Out For:

  • Ongoing dry heaving or hacking
  • Vomiting with hairballs
  • Loss of appetite or lethargy
  • Constipation or failure to pass stool

Mild cat hairballs may be relieved by grooming or diet alteration. However, if vomiting persists without leading to a hairball, your cat might have an obstruction that should be treated by a doctor.

What You Can Do:

  • Groom your cat regularly to minimize hair intake
  • Feed hairball control cat food or supplements
  • Keep your cat active and well-hydrated
  • See a vet if vomiting persists beyond one day

4. Feline Diabetes

Cat diabetes is one of the more common feline diseases, especially in older or overweight cats. Early identification of cat diabetes signs can prevent complications like nerve damage or ketoacidosis.

Common Cat Diabetes Early Symptoms:

  • Increased drinking and urination
  • Unexplained weight loss with normal or increased appetite
  • Lethargy or lack of grooming
  • Fruity breath

These initial symptoms of diabetes in cats are often subtle, but a veterinary diagnosis of the condition can be made by blood and urine analysis. Early detection of feline diabetes is an easily managed condition with insulin treatment and dietary changes.

What You Can Do:

  • Monitor water intake and urination frequency
  • Note sudden, unexplained weight gain or loss
  • Feed a low-carb, high-protein diet if your veterinarian recommends it
  • Schedule check-ups at regular intervals for older or obese cats

5. Kidney Disease

Feline kidney disease symptoms are usually developed over a period of time but have a long-term impact on the health of the animal. Kidney failure is a major cause of death for elderly cats and is usually not fixable once it has progressed.

Subtly Serious Feline Kidney Disease Symptoms:

  • Increased thirst and urination
  • Baldness or bad breath
  • Vomiting and loss of appetite
  • Weight loss or muscle wasting

When you notice some kidney disease signs in felines, particularly in older cats, take them to the veterinarian. Even though the disease is chronic, early detection will control symptoms and increase lifespan.

What You Can Do:

  • Ensure constant access to water
  • Supply a prescription renal diet
  • Monitor for regular blood tests on senior cats
  • Monitor for sores in the mouth or bad breath

cats asking for food

6. Parasites: Fleas, Worms, and Mites

Although not always a disease, external and internal parasites are a leading cause of many feline disease conditions.

Symptoms That Could Be an Indication of a Parasite Issue:

  • Flea infestation: hair loss, bald spots, or fleas in the fur
  • Intestinal worms: vomiting, diarrhea, distended stomach
  • Ear mites: head shaking, scratching, black discharge from the ear

Some parasite infections result in anemia, intestinal blockage, or even passing along other diseases. Kittens are especially susceptible.

Things You Can Do:

  • Use parasite preventatives prescribed by veterinarians
  • Deworm on a regular basis, especially for cats that stay outside
  • Keep your home and bed germ-free
  • Check regularly for fleas or mites

7. Gastrointestinal Disorders

Gastro issues are prevalent and range from food allergy to full-blown infection.

Symptoms:

  • Excessive vomiting or diarrhea
  • Color or consistency change in stool
  • Not eating for more than one day
  • Blood in stool

Not all vomits are hairballs in cats, nor are all loose stools ingestion. Chronic issues always require professional assessment.

What You Can Do:

  • Avoid making multiple diet changes
  • Serve high-quality, palatable food
  • Observe litter box habits

Eliminate other causes, such as parasites or infection, with a veterinarian

8. Dental Disease

Dental issues are too often overlooked until cats will not eat or are clearly distressed.

Warning Signs:

  • Halitosis
  • Chewing or spilling food.
  • Bleeding gums or loose teeth
  • Pawing at the mouth

Kidney or heart infections can be caused by rampant dental disease. Regular dental cleaning and examination are necessary.

What You Can Do:

  • Brush your cat's teeth if acceptable
  • Feed dental treats or water additives
  • Have an annual dental check-up
  • Observe for signs of pain while eating

9. Obesity-Related Conditions

Obesity is a significant risk factor for all of the following feline diseases that are common: arthritis, diabetes, and liver disease.

Obesity Warning Signs:

  • Challenging grooming
  • Panting during play
  • Unable to jump or climb stairs
  • Visible fat pads

Keeping your cat healthy and in shape by consuming a balanced diet and regular play may help avoid numerous ailments.

What You Can Do:

  • Accurately measure food portions
  • Avoid free feeding
  • Play with your cat every day
  • Make wise treatment decisions

When to Step In: General Guidelines

As a general rule, you should take your cat to a vet if:

  • Your cat has not eaten in 24 hours
  • Diarrhea or vomiting for over a day
  • You notice any blood from vomit, stool, or urine
  • There is a sudden change in behavior or appetite
  • Breathing is difficult or wheezy

Even if unsure, better safe than sorry. The majority of the common feline illnesses develop silently and are progressively more difficult to treat the longer you wait.

Final Reminders for Cat Owners

The following are some final reminders on remaining healthy with your cat:

  • Check your cat regularly: Minimum once a year for adults, twice for the elderly.
  • Boosters and vaccinations: Stay current with required vaccines and boosters
  • Spaying/neutering: Prevents issues from hormones and disease
  • Pay attention to signs: No one knows your cat better than you—pay attention to your instincts.

Conclusion

Learning about the most prevalent diseases in cats is what allows you to act swiftly if something isn't quite right. Whether you see cat urinary tract infection signs, notice feline upper respiratory signs, or notice changes that are feline diabetes early warning signs or feline kidney disease signs, you are in charge. Even the slightest things, such as a hairball issue in a cat, can be harmful if not taken seriously.

The more you pay attention to your cat and collaborate with him on a regular basis, the better you will be able to comprehend early warning signs of distress and give your pet the timely attention that he needs to enjoy a long and healthy life.


This content was created by AI